Iranian hackers are engaged in a sophisticated espionage campaign, targeting the Middle East’s rival countries and attacking key defense and intelligence agencies, according to Israeli-American cybersecurity company Check Point. The hackers have been able to gain access to emails from various targets, including government officials, militaries, telecommunications companies, and financial organizations. The malware used in the attacks also maps out the networks the hackers have infiltrated, providing Iran with valuable information for planning future attacks. The primary goal of this operation is espionage, and the approach is notably more sophisticated compared to previous activities linked to Iran. The cyberattacks mark a new phase in the digital conflict between Iran and its rivals, and demonstrate how Iran has found ways to retaliate in an arena where it had previously been outmaneuvered. The attacks highlight Iran’s fast-improving capabilities and determination to breach the networks of regional rivals.